earthquake
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden and transient phenomenon shake the earth's crust caused by the release of stored energy in the form of seismic waves. The most common are caused by rupture of geological faults. May also occur for other reasons such as, friction on the edge of tectonic plates, volcanic processes or even be produced by the man testing ground nuclear detonations.
The point of origin of an earthquake is called the hypocenter. The epicenter is the point on Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter. Depending on its intensity and origin, an earthquake can cause shifts in the earth's crust, landslides, tsunamis or volcanic activity. For the measurement of the energy released by an earthquake various scales including Richter scale is the most known and used in the media used.
The point of origin of an earthquake is called the hypocenter. The epicenter is the point on Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter. Depending on its intensity and origin, an earthquake can cause shifts in the earth's crust, landslides, tsunamis or volcanic activity. For the measurement of the energy released by an earthquake various scales including Richter scale is the most known and used in the media used.
causes
The cause of earthquakes is in the release of energy stored in the earth's crust as a result of volcanic and tectonic activities, which are mainly at the edges of the plate. Although the tectonic and volcanic activity are the main causes of earthquakes are generated are other factors that may originate them:
1.Sediment accumulation by rockslides on the slopes of the mountains, caves collapse.
2.Amendments to the flow regime.
3.Abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure cyclones.
These phenomena generate low magnitude events, which generally fall in the range of microearthquakes: detectable only by seismographs tremors.
1.Sediment accumulation by rockslides on the slopes of the mountains, caves collapse.
2.Amendments to the flow regime.
3.Abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure cyclones.
These phenomena generate low magnitude events, which generally fall in the range of microearthquakes: detectable only by seismographs tremors.
locations
Tectonic earthquakes usually occur in areas where the concentration of forces generated by the boundaries of tectonic plates resulting in readjustment movements inside and on the surface of the Earth. Therefore tectonic earthquakes are closely related to the formation of faults. Commonly occur at the end of a seismic cycle, during which strain accumulates in the interior of the Earth is suddenly released later . This release corresponds to the earthquake, after which the strain begins to accumulate again.
The interior point on Earth where the earthquake originates is called seismic focus or hypocenter . The point of the surface that is directly vertically above the hypocenter , which therefore is the first affected by the shake - called epicenter.
In an earthquake can be distinguished:
1.Hypocenter: deep inner area where the earthquake occurs .
2.Epicenter: the surface area perpendicular to the hypocenter , where more strongly affect seismic waves .
The interior point on Earth where the earthquake originates is called seismic focus or hypocenter . The point of the surface that is directly vertically above the hypocenter , which therefore is the first affected by the shake - called epicenter.
In an earthquake can be distinguished:
1.Hypocenter: deep inner area where the earthquake occurs .
2.Epicenter: the surface area perpendicular to the hypocenter , where more strongly affect seismic waves .
Recommendations for civil protection
If it is in the interior of a building is important :
1. Seeking refuge under the doorposts or any solid furniture like tables or desks or next to a pillar or wall masterpiece .
2. Stay away from windows, glass , cabinets, walls and objects that could fall and hit you.
3. Do not use the elevator, as the effects of the earthquake could cause collapse or be trapped inside.
4. Use flashlights for lighting and avoid using candles, matches or any flame during or immediately after the quake , which may cause explosion or fire.
If you shake it surprised abroad is convenient :
1. Go to an open area away from damaged buildings . After a great earthquake, still smaller , called replicas , which can be strong enough to cause additional damage.
2. Try not to approach or enter damaged buildings. The greatest danger from falling debris , coatings, glass, etc. . , Is in the vertical facades .
3. If it is traveling by car it is best to stay inside the vehicle and be careful to stay away from bridges, utility poles, buildings or areas degraded landslides.
After the shake :
1. If required to communicate with friends or family , using text messages by phone, chat , email or internet in general. Excess calls can congest the cellular and fixed networks
1. Seeking refuge under the doorposts or any solid furniture like tables or desks or next to a pillar or wall masterpiece .
2. Stay away from windows, glass , cabinets, walls and objects that could fall and hit you.
3. Do not use the elevator, as the effects of the earthquake could cause collapse or be trapped inside.
4. Use flashlights for lighting and avoid using candles, matches or any flame during or immediately after the quake , which may cause explosion or fire.
If you shake it surprised abroad is convenient :
1. Go to an open area away from damaged buildings . After a great earthquake, still smaller , called replicas , which can be strong enough to cause additional damage.
2. Try not to approach or enter damaged buildings. The greatest danger from falling debris , coatings, glass, etc. . , Is in the vertical facades .
3. If it is traveling by car it is best to stay inside the vehicle and be careful to stay away from bridges, utility poles, buildings or areas degraded landslides.
After the shake :
1. If required to communicate with friends or family , using text messages by phone, chat , email or internet in general. Excess calls can congest the cellular and fixed networks
Prevention against earthquakes
1. Preparation Before you Produce.
a. Strengthening the home against earthquakes .
We must make an assessment of the strength of the housing against earthquakes, improve such resistance, fix or devices for securing furniture and where earthquakes will not fall, place a movie or film on the glass so that if broken not leave the crystals dismissed by the place, etc..
b. Storage of water and food.
Store drinking water and food needed to spend 3 or more days. Also prepare a radio, a flashlight and clothes etc..
a. Strengthening the home against earthquakes .
We must make an assessment of the strength of the housing against earthquakes, improve such resistance, fix or devices for securing furniture and where earthquakes will not fall, place a movie or film on the glass so that if broken not leave the crystals dismissed by the place, etc..
b. Storage of water and food.
Store drinking water and food needed to spend 3 or more days. Also prepare a radio, a flashlight and clothes etc..
c. Participation in drills for disaster prevention.
Improve your social relationships with their neighbors and actively participate in drills effective disaster prevention in your area.
d. Family Reunion against disaster prevention.
Make sure they know how to find or contact in case disaster strikes and know where shelters are such cases.
Improve your social relationships with their neighbors and actively participate in drills effective disaster prevention in your area.
d. Family Reunion against disaster prevention.
Make sure they know how to find or contact in case disaster strikes and know where shelters are such cases.
2. How to Act After an Earthquake Occur.
a. What to do in the first 2 minutes.
Protect yourself. Stay away from furniture that could fall and protect your assets under the table.
b. Immediately after the earthquake.
Prevent fires and search out for evacuation occur. Close the main gas valve and unplug appliances. Should try to extinguish fire calmly in its initial stage. Open a door or window that will serve as evacuation outlet.
a. What to do in the first 2 minutes.
Protect yourself. Stay away from furniture that could fall and protect your assets under the table.
b. Immediately after the earthquake.
Prevent fires and search out for evacuation occur. Close the main gas valve and unplug appliances. Should try to extinguish fire calmly in its initial stage. Open a door or window that will serve as evacuation outlet.
c. The first three days since the earthquake.
Checking the integrity of the family and watch out for aftershocks or replicas. Stay away from damaged buildings. Contact with neighbors and checking the situation see the need to go to the shelter going.
Extinguish fires with their neighbors succor and help the wounded. Work with your neighbors to put out the fires that have occurred, help the wounded and injured and succor to them.
Hold the circumstances. Use clean water and food that was stored. Discard rumors for correct information on the circumstances.
d. From the fourth day since the earthquake.
Recovery and then with daily life (recovery of normal). From the fourth day you should be careful with replicas or aftershocks for correct information . Make necessary efforts for the normalization of their lives .
Checking the integrity of the family and watch out for aftershocks or replicas. Stay away from damaged buildings. Contact with neighbors and checking the situation see the need to go to the shelter going.
Extinguish fires with their neighbors succor and help the wounded. Work with your neighbors to put out the fires that have occurred, help the wounded and injured and succor to them.
Hold the circumstances. Use clean water and food that was stored. Discard rumors for correct information on the circumstances.
d. From the fourth day since the earthquake.
Recovery and then with daily life (recovery of normal). From the fourth day you should be careful with replicas or aftershocks for correct information . Make necessary efforts for the normalization of their lives .